Relationship between Nest Success and Concealment in Two Ground-nesting Passerines
نویسندگان
چکیده
—We examined vegetation characteristics around nest sites of the Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) for three summers in the northernand mixed-hardwood forests of northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to test the hypothesis that nests with greater concealment are less vulnerable to depredation. Because these two ground-nesting passerines differ in terms of nest structure and behavior near the nest, they present an opportunity to examine how these two factors influence reproductive success in sympatric species. Depredation was the most common source of nest failure for both species, with Ovenbirds having higher nest success for data pooled across years. Side (but not overhead) concealment was correlated positively with nest success for the Hermit Thrush but not for the Ovenbird. Side and overhead concealment did not differ between the Hermit Thrush and Ovenbird. We found a substantial proportion of nests in ground pine (Lycopodium obscurum). Hermit Thrush, but not Ovenbird nests in ground pine were significantly more concealed than nests in other sites both from the side and overhead. Vegetative concealment at the nest microsite may be more important to the open-cup nest of the Hermit Thrush than to the domed nest of the Ovenbird. Because flushed Ovenbirds perform a distraction display and Hermit Thrushes do not, Ovenbirds may have an incentive to choose nest sites that offer less than maximum concealment. RELACIÓN ENTRE ÉXITO EN ANIDAR Y ENCUBRIMIENTO EN DOS PASSERINOS ANIDANTES EN SUELO Sinopsis.—Examinamos las caracterı́sticas de vegetación alrededor de las áreas de anidaje de Catharus guttatus y de Seiurus aurocapillus por tres veranos en bosques de maderas pesadas norteños y mixtas en el norte de Wisconsin y en la Penı́nsula Superior de Michigan para probar la hipótesis de que nidos mejor escondidos son poco vulnerables a los depredadores. Debido a que estas dos especies de Passeriformes difieren en térninos de estructura del nido y de conducta cerca del nido ellas presentan una oportunidad para examinar como estos dos factores influencian el éxito reproductivo en especies simpátricas. La depredación fué la causa más común de pérdida de nidos para ambas especies, con Seiurus aurocapillus teniendo mayor éxito en anidar para los datos colectados a través de los años. Se correlacionó el escondite lateral (pero no de arriba) con el éxito de anidaje de Catharus guttatus pero no de Seiurus aurocapillus. No hubo diferencias en escondederos laterales o de arriba entre las dos especies. Hallamos una proporción substancial de nidos en Lycopodium obscurum. Los nidos de Catharus guttatus en Lycopodium obscurum fueron significativamente mejor escondidos que en otroa lugares ya fuese lateralmente o desde arriba, pero esto no ocurrió con nidos de Seiurus aurocapillus. Escondite vegetativo en el micrositio de anidaje puede ser más importante para el nido de copa abierta de Catharus guttatus que para el nido de domo de Seiurus aurocapillus. Debido a que individuos de Seiurus aurocapillus sorprendidos exhi1 Current address: School of Forestry and Wood Products, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, Michigan 49931 USA. Vol. 71, No. 4 [737 Concealment and Nest Success FIELD ORNITHOLOGY Friday Oct 19 2001 03:45 PM 2000 Allen Press • DTPro System forn 71_420 Mp_737
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